Environment Sources

http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/mmpa/
https://worldwildlife.org/species

I have supported both of these agencies ever since I was a little girl. Both of these protection programs have gone high and low, far and near, in order to protect wild life and sea life. I have been to the WWF in Washington and was able to see how they take care of animals, nourish them back to health, and set them back in their natural habitat. It was so inspiring to know they weren't dumped into zoos or beaten and trained in circus'. After the life changing experience I acquired at WWF, I researched and looked into Sea animal safety and came across MMPA. An organization quite similar to WWF but for marine animals shallow and deep. I have not had the pleasure of visiting the MMPA but look forward to do so in the future.

Earth Day Video

The main point of the Earth Day video was to show how many people have taken it seriuously ever since it started. It showed how people were blaming how killing the environment afftected things for health problem and pollution raise. The video stretched how pollution was able to kill the enviornment, create cancerous health problems, affect babies and causing a lot of stillborns, and many other hazardous problems. It talked about the chemicals in the pollution and how it doubled the amount of the problems the older it became.

Tokyo Rose

Tokyo Rose was a name given to about a dozen English-speaking female broadcasters for Japanese propaganda. Although, the name was most aimed toward Iva Toguri. A native to Los Angeles, stranded in Japan when war broke out, Iva's intent of the broadcasting was to mess with allied forces listening to the broadcast. American service men in the Pacific often listened to the propaganda broadcasts to get a sense, by reading between the lines, the effect of their military actions. Toguri often underminded the anti-American scripts by reading them in a playful, tongue-in-cheek fashion, even going as far as warning her listeners to be aware for "subtle attacks'' in a demeaning manner.
Farther from the action, stories circulated by Tokyo Rose could be unnervingly accurate, even able to name units and servicemen. Toguri's prominence saw her branded as one of the war's most notorious propagandists, but evidence shows that she was not a Japanese sympathizer. Toguri's program became conflated with vicious propaganda, resulting in her arrest after Japanese surrender. Convicted with treason, Toguri was sent to jail, then arrested and released from prison in 1956. For WWII, the name Tokyo Rose was used against female propagandists, but mainly against Iva Toguri.

Sources: the book, http://www.biography.com/people/tokyo-rose-37481#awesm=~oBDE7eCB2E4587

OUTLINE

I Intro (Leave Blank for now)




II Causes (The causes of the great depression were overspeculation, government policy, and unstable economy.)
A overspeculation is

B Govt Policy is

C Unstable Econ is

1 uneven prosperity is

2 overproduction is

3 worker issues / farm issues is

III Effects

A Poverty is the state of being unbelievably poor. The US went through major times of poverty during industrialism and during major economic drops. An example of a time of poverty was in

B Society is people living together in a more or less ordered community. The US went back and forth between a less ordered and more ordered community for a long time. Whenever the government passed new Deals or Laws the community seemed to lessen order. For example in

C World is becoming more economically advanced. Every country was becoming more independent and becoming stronger. The world also was rising in poverty because of industrialism.

IV Solutions

A Hoover was a president who had "tried" helping the US is their stag of poverty and during the depression. Although he wasn't willing to completely do everything making it harder to end the arising problems.

1 Volunteerism is

2 Public Works is

3 Hawley Smoot is the Tariff Act of 1930, which was an act sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley and signed into law on June 17, 1930, that raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods to record levels.

4 RFC is

B Roosevelt is

1 new deal is

a alphabet soup is
            example is

            example is

            example is

            example is

b Criticsim? is


2 2nd new deal
a

b

c

V Criticicism is

B Political Criticism (ex. Came from both the ____________ and ______________)

A Conservatives is


B Liberals (ex: criticised the new deal also. They....)

Ex

ex

VI Effectiveness

A Changes in US were

B Unions were

C Culture was

VII Conclusion

Jazz Age: Chicago Black Sox

  The 1919 World Series was played between the Chicago White Sox and the Cincinnati Reds. Eight members of the Chicago franchise conspired with gamblers to throw games. The conspiracy is often known as the Black Sox Scandal. Eight of the players on The White Sox (later nicknamed the Black Sox) were accused of throwing the game against Cincinnati. Each of the players involved were charged with criminal charges. The eight men included the great "Shoeless Joe Jackson"; pitchers Eddie Cicotte and Claude "Lefty" Williams; infielders Buck Weaver, Arnold "Chick" Gandil, Fred McMullin, and Charles "Swede" Risberg; and outfielder Oscar "Happy" Felsch.

  Those in the club (White Sox Baseball League Club) were unhappy because of very low payment. Comiskey (the coach and club owner) was often to blame for the Black Sox scandal because of his ignorance to higher the salary of the players. In order to gain a little extra money, many baseball players joined in on/with gamblers. This mainly meant a whole lot of betting on who would win and whether a player would or wouldn't do good. When one of the players (Gandil) was offered $100,000 if the White Sox lost against Cincinnati, he decided to throw the game in order to win the bet. Needing the money, Gandil took off to find some of the players to help him throw the game, thus sent in motion, one of the biggest baseball scandals ever.

http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/blacksox/blacksoxaccount.html
http://www.chicagohs.org/history/blacksox/blk3a.html

Letter Home

Family,
     It's been six months since I've sent my last letter. And today is the first time I've read your reply. I miss you all. And, I'm afraid the situation here has changed. I'm not driving ambulances anymore. We have lost hundreds of our men. The General of our base has had no choice. I'm out in the field now. On the battle field. The first women to be on the battle field. They chose me because of the accuracy I obtain with guns. Thank God papa taught me. I would have been sent to be a nurse instead of an ambulance driver, and being a nurse is so much worse than anyone could ever imagine. I was a nurse for a month before I was sent to the field. I've watched so many of my friends die from disease and extensive, life-threatening wounds. I've watched loved ones die. And I've held those dying in my arms as their last embrace. It was time I avenged my friends. And time I searched for Tommy. I haven't seen him in five months. General Lane said he's MIA, and that there is no point to search any longer. But i haven't given up hope. My brother is out there and alive and I will find him. I promise. And soon I will be home and they'll send fresh troops like they do every eight months. I vow I will find our brother and bring him home when I do. I will spend the rest of the time I have here in search for Tommy. The next time we talk I will be home with our brother. I promise.
                        
                                                                           I love you all, and take care,
                                                                                                  Taryn

Main causes of WWI

The four main causes of WWI were 1.Nationalism- a deep devotion to one's Nation. 2.Alliance System- a formal agreement with other countries to help them when they are in war. 3.Imperialism-building of  power by controlling other countries/colonies. 4.Militarism- Preparation of war.
Nationalism played part when the Archduke of Austria-Hungary was assassinated. Alliance Systems played out because the original conflict was between just two countries but that meant when in war, other countries were to join in and help protect their allies. Imperialism caused initial conflict because countries would fight over who gets which colony. Militarism was a big part because when preparing for war, you basically said were starting it and that put everyone on their toes.

The spark of the war was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo. His death triggered Austria's declaration of war against Serbia.

1.Unrestricted Sub Warfare was when Germany blew up every ship without warning that passed them. This was a problem because they began blowing up many U.S. merchant ships which caused our threat to join in on the war.
2.The Sussex Pledge was Germany's promise to the U.S. to allow merchant ships through. It also promised that they would quit blowing up ships without warning. This gave U.S. a reason to hold their joining of the war off.
3.The Lusitania was a British cruise ship that the Germans blew up killing both Americans and Britain's. This hastened the war for the U.S.
4.The Zimmerman Letter which was a letter from Germany to Mexico attempting to bring them into the war if the U.S. joined in and get us from behind. The letter was intercepted by Britain and brought to our attention. This was one of the if not the last straw that sent the U.S. into the war.

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918

   The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was between the Bolshevic government of Russia and the Central Powers(Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey). The treaty was forced on Russia by the Germans figuring they'd get more power from it. However, Lenin (the new Bolshevik ruler of Russia) made the treaty more sutiable for Russia by the terms getting  Russia out of the war so they could focus on establishing it as a communist state. By doing this, Russia and Germany came to agreed terms and signed the treaty on March 3rd, 1918.
   The treaty caused Russia to lose a lot of land. The key provisio The treaty convined the Allies that Russia was not the power they thought it was and convinced many americas entry in the war was correct and necessary in order to stop the German conquest of Europe(both good for Russia and bad for Germany). However, the treaty also freed the German army to place more troups in France.

The Jungle Era

  Packingtown was the most vile slum in Chicago. It was dangerous for both those who worked there, and those who lived there. Packingtown was filled with disease, poorly built homes, and very dangerous working conditions. The worst part was the treatment of the people working in the industry. Sinclair explains how everything in Packingtown was made against the workers. He tells how the workers were used and discarded. Workers had no safety and many died easily. The only way to live and survive in Packingtown was taking your own safety in your own hands.
  The plant owners (meat packing plant owners) wanted nothing but work from workers and money from buyers. They didn't care if you died got sick or hurt. You packed the meat no matter what, and you bought the meat and got sick. Plant owners wanted low pay rates, hard work, and dedication. If you got sick you got sick and they threw you out an found another person to work. They wanted workers the could use and discard. Their main goal being make profits.
  When Sinclair says "there was no place in it where a man counted for anything against a dollar...", he means 

 

Industrialism

     Industrialism was when the United States began to grow in its industry changing and improving  the economy rapildy. The U.S. began discovering new resources, larger workforces, new inventions, new land mass, new transportation editions, big buisnesses and the production of factories. Industrialism bettered the economy in many different ways, creating new jobs, raising the wealth of America, and bringing a dramtic rise in the standard of living for all Americans (Telephone, light bulb, refrigerator, etc.).
     Although the rise of industrialism betttered the over all economy and increased the amount of jobs in America, it did not however better the working conditions or benefits of a typical industrial worker. Life for any worker in Industrailized America was hard. Machines replaced skilled labor and work became monotonous. workers had to preform highly specific, repetitive tasks and took little to no pride in their work. Workign conditions were highly dangerous and unhealthy. Working with heavy machines lacking saftey devices caused very high percentages of injuries and workers breathed in dust, lint, and toxic fumes.
                                                                 3 outside sources-
     Henry George, a journalist in San Francisco, was puzzled by the existence of extreme wealth and extreme poverty side by side. He said at the beginning of the era it was expected that labor-saving inventions would reduce/lighten the toil and improve the conditions of laborers. It was thought that the enormous increase in the power of producing wealth would make the real poverty a thing of the past. However, he says from all parts of the civilized world come complaints of industrial depression; labor condemned to involuntary idleness. All the dull, deadening pain, all the keen, maddening anguish, that to great masses of men are involved in the "hard times," afflict the world to-day.
     David A. Wells, a scientist and economist, was one of the first Americans to notice how machines were taking peoples jobs. He says the individual no longer works as independently as formerly, but as a private in the ranks, obeying orders, keeping step, as it were, to the tap of the drum, and having nothing to say as to the plan of his work, of its final completion, or of ots ultimate use and distribution. He's saying that the people who work in the modern (modern at the time) factory are taught to do one thing and when there is no more of that kind of work to be done, they are helpless. It resulted that the individualism or independence of the producer in manufacturing was destroyed as well as their pride which workmen formely took in their work.
     Andrew Carnegie is the last outside source. The Scottish-born "King of Steel," was the biggest industrialist in the late 1800's. He says that before industrialization that America was a "community of toilers with an undeveloped continent before them, and destitute of the refinements and elegancies of life." He says "Contrasted with that of today, we might almsot conclude that we were upon another planet and subject to different primary conditions." The development of industry had led to an expansion of trade. "Altogether life has beccome vastly better worth living than it was a century ago."
   
     I think that industrialism has improved the way America is and was. If not for industrialism, the way America runs woulf not be the same. And we would not be a dominant country. If industrialism did not occur, Americas economy would not have boosted and America would not be the same today.

Mark Twain

     Mark Twain (a.k.a Samuel Clemens) was a famous author. He wrote 28 books. Some of which were "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer", and "Life in Mississippi". He was born as Samuel Clemons, from Jane and John Clemens, but became famous and known with the name Mark Twain. At 17, he became a river pilot which is where the name Mark Twain originated (Mark Twain means "safe to navigate).

      Mark Twain and Charles Warner  coauthored a novel about American politics and society called "The Gilded Age". Because of the novel, the era became known as the Gilded Age. Calling it this was like sounding off an alarm. Gilded means gold on the outside but cheap on the inside. A Gilded Age would appear clean and perfect, but if you are to look deeper, you would find corruption, poverty, crime, and great disparities in wealth between the rich and the poor, which was what Twain and Warner sought to uncover in America.

       This era was a time of great cultural activity. Industrialism and urbanization changed and altered the way Americans looked at themselves and their society. The changes gave rise to new values,new forms of entertainment, new art, new inventions, and a whole new lifestyle and era.

Sources ~ the book.

                 Google images.

                 

Hiring Workers/dealing w/workers

  Hiring workers- Chinese peasants from the Canton Province began arriving on California's shores in 1850, being pushed by poverty and overpopulation from their homeland. In early 1865 the Central Pacific had work enough for 4,000 men. However, a contractor named Charles Crocker barely managed to hold onto 800 laborers at any given time. Most of the early railroad workers were Irish immigrants. Because railroad work was hard, and management was chaotic, high attrition rates occurred. Because of prejudice thoughts/beliefs, some Central Pacific officials believed that Irishmen were inclined to spend their wages on liquor, and that the Chinese were also unreliable. Yet, due to the shortage of willing workers, Crocker suggested that reconsideration be given to hiring Chinese.  
        When a group of Irish laborers agitated over wages, Crocker told Strobridge (a foreman) to recruit some Chinese in their place.  Instantly, the Irishmen abandoned their dispute, fearing the competition might make them lose their jobs. Sensing that fear of competition hoping it might motivate the men, Strobridge grudgingly agreed to hire 50 Chinese men as wagon-fillers. The Chinese work ethic impressed him so he hired more Chinese workers for more difficult tasks. Soon, labor recruiters were all over California, and Crocker hired companies to advertise the work in China. Several thousand Chinese men had signed on and the number rose to a high of 12,000 in 1868, comprising at least 80% of the Central Pacific workforce.  The Chinese workers were willing and well-behaved. Crocker and Strobridge made clear to the Irishmen that they could work alongside the Chinese crews or be replaced by them.
         The Chinese teams were organized into groups of 20 under one white foreman. Initially, Chinese employees received wages of $27 and then $30 a month, minus the cost of food and board. In contrast, Irishmen were paid $35 per month with board provided.



Managing workers- Chinese workers left their grading work and went back to their camp. Construction chief James Harvey Strobridge lit into the men, but this produced no effect. The workers demanded $40 a month instead of $35. They requested a reduction in hours. A workday on the open Sierra lasted from dawn till dusk. Chinese laborers wanted to work no more than 10 hours daily. They also asked for shorter shifts in the cramped, dangerous tunnels. Charles Crocker called in leaders of the movement and promised them he'd stop work entirely before considering a single one of their demands. The men took his message back to the camps, but still the workers refused to budge. Two days later, workers struck all along the line, and raised their wage demands to $45 a month

Gettysburg

        Robert E. Lee led his Army of Northern Virginia in its second invasion of the North-the Gettysburg Campaign. Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker and his Union Army of the Potomac moved in pursuit. However, was relieved of command three days before the battle. Maj. Gen. George Meade, the successor of Hooker, and his army traveled north-ward in order to keep him and his army between Lee and Washington D.C. When he learned about Meade being in Pennsylvania also, Lee concentrated and set his army in Gettysburg. On July 1st, 1863, west and north of the town, parts of the two armies collided.Union cavalry, under Brig. Gen. John Buford, slowed the advance of the Confederates until Union infantry, the Union 1st and 11th corps arrived. However, more Confederate reinforcements under generals A.P. Hill and Richard Ewell arrived. Ultimately, 30,000 Confederates defeated the 20,000 Yankees, who fell back to the hills south of Gettysburg--Cemetery Hill and Culp's Hill. On the second day of the battle, the Union defended a range of hills and ridges south of Gettysburg with about 90,000 soldiers while the Confederates essentially wrapped around the Union's position with about 70,000 soldiers. On July 2nd, Lee launched a heavy assault on the Unions left side and fierce fighting broke at Devil's Den, Little Round Top, the Wheatfield, the Peach Orchard and on Cemetery Ride. On the right, a full-scale of assaults on Culp's Hill and East Cemetery Hill. Although the Confederates were gaining land, the Union still held strong positions by the end of the day. On July 3rd, fighting continued on Culp's Hill and battles raged east and south. However, the main event was that of the assault of 12,000 Confederates against the center Union line on Cemetery Ridge (Pickett's Charge). The charge repulsed by Union fire, at great losses of the Confederate army.

         The Battle of Gettysburg is a very important historical event because it ended in as many as 51,000 soldiers on both the Union and the Confederates dying. Many of them were also either captured, missing or wounded in the three-day battle. But, four months after the battle, President Abraham Lincoln used the dedication ceremony for Gettysburg's Soldiers National Cemetery to honor the fallen Union soldiers. He also redefines the purpose of the war in his historic Gettysburg Address.

(Source: http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/gettysburg.html?tab=facts)